[ROS 2] Setup

PC Setup

Install Ubuntu

To setup ROS (Robot Operating System) on Remote PC, install Ubuntu 18.04 on Remote PC.

• Download Ubuntu 18.04
• Tutorial - Install Ubuntu Desktop

Install ROS 2

As TurtleBot3 operates on ROS, it requires to install ros-dashing-desktop debian packages for ROS 2 (Dashing Diademata) on Remote PC. Following link will guide on installing ROS 2.

• ROS 2 Installation Guide

Install ROS 2 Dependent Packages

[Remote PC]

1. Open a terminal on Remote PC.
2. Install Colcon

   $ sudo apt install python3-colcon-common-extensions
   

3. Install Gazebo9

   $ curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh
   ### Uninstall Gazebo11 if installed previously
   $ sudo apt remove gazebo11 libgazebo11-dev
   $ sudo apt install gazebo9 libgazebo9-dev
   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-gazebo-ros-pkgs
   

4. Install Cartographer

   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-cartographer
   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-cartographer-ros
   

5. Install Navigation2

   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-navigation2
   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-nav2-bringup
   

6. Install vcstool

   $ sudo apt install python3-vcstool
   

Install TurtleBot3 Packages

[Remote PC]

$ mkdir -p ~/turtlebot3_ws/src
$ cd ~/turtlebot3_ws
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/turtlebot3/ros2/turtlebot3.repos
$ vcs import src < turtlebot3.repos
$ colcon build --symlink-install

Save Bash Command for Setup

[Remote PC]

$ echo 'source ~/turtlebot3_ws/install/setup.bash' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'export ROS_DOMAIN_ID=30 #TURTLEBOT3' >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc

SBC Setup

WARNING : Do not apply this instruction to Remote PC. Use SBC.

Download and Install Ubuntu Image File

[TurtleBot3]

1. Go to Ubuntu old releases.
2. Download ubuntu-18.04.3-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz on Remote PC
3. Burn the Ubuntu image file to a microSD card.

TIP : You can use GNOME Disks to burn ubuntu-18.04.3-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz to microSD.

Initialization Process for Raspberry Pi 3

To communicate between Remote PC and TurtleBot3, you need to install ubuntu-18.04.3-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi3.img.xz file on Raspberry Pi 3.

WARNING : Ubuntu 18.04.4 version is known to freeze the Raspberry Pi 3B+.

[TurtleBot3]

1. Boot up Raspberry Pi 3 after inserting a microSD card which has the image file into a microSD card slot on SBC in TurtleBot3.
   (You can connect HDMI cable, keyboard and mouse into the TurtleBot3)
2. Log in with default username(ubuntu) and password(ubuntu).
   (After log in, system will ask you whether you change the password or not)
3. You can configure WiFi network setting by utilizing a netplan. Refer to Example for Netwrok Configuration.

NOTE : TurtleBot3 is a mobile robot to run SLAM and Navigation2 using wireless network, so that connecting TurtleBot3 to Wifi is recommanded.

Example for Network Configuration

[TurtleBot3]

1. Open a terminal on SBC

2. Create a folder, and then open it using the following commands.

   $ sudo touch /etc/netplan/99-netcfg.yaml
   $ sudo nano /etc/netplan/99-netcfg.yaml
   

3. After opening the file, enter the network setting as shown below. Please be aware of the indentation in each line.
   

4. After configuration, the remote PC can connect to a SBC in TurtleBot3 by following steps.

5. Apply all configuration for the renderers, and then restart Raspberry Pi 3.

   $ sudo netplan apply
   $ reboot
   

6. Set the systemd to prevent boot-up delay even if there is no network at startup. Run the command below to set mask the systemd process using the following command.

   $ systemctl mask systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
   

7. From now, you can use SSH. Refer to Connect Remote PC to SBC

Connect Remote PC to SBC

Be sure to read Example for Network Configuration before proceeding to the following steps.

[Remote PC]

1. Open a terminal on Remote PC
2. Use the following command.

   $ ssh ubuntu@<NETWORK IP of Raspberry PI>
   

Add Swap Space

[TurtleBot3]

1. Open a terminal on SBC

2. Create a file while it will be used for swap.

   $ sudo fallocate -l 1G /swapfile
   

3. Give read and write permissions to the file.

   $ sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
   

4. Use mkswap to set up a Linux swap area.

   $ sudo mkswap /swapfile
   

5. After creating a file, activate the file to start using it.

   $ sudo swapon /swapfile
   

6. Open /etc/fstab file with nano command, as swap areas are listed in this file.

   $ sudo nano /etc/fstab
   

7. Copy the sentence below, then paste it into the file you opened.

   /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
   

8. Verify swap area with free syntax whether it is allocated. It will present a table consisting of six colums and three rows of data.

   $ sudo free -h
                 total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
   Mem:           912M         97M        263M        4.4M        550M        795M
   Swap:          1.0G          0B        1.0G
   

Install ROS Dashing Diademata

As TurtleBot3 operates on ROS, it requies to install ROS 2 (Dashing Diademata) on SBC of TurtleBot3. Following link will guide you for installing ROS 2.

• ROS 2 Installation Guide

[TurtleBot3]

1. Open a terminal on SBC

2. Update and upgrade your software

   $ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
   

3. Setup locale

   $ sudo locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8
   $ sudo update-locale LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
   $ export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
   

4. Setup sources

   $ sudo apt update && sudo apt install curl gnupg2 lsb-release
   $ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add -
   $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64,arm64] http://packages.ros.org/ros2/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2-latest.list'
   

5. Install ROS 2 packages

   $ sudo apt update
   $ sudo apt install ros-dashing-ros-base
   

Install TurtleBot3 Packages

[TurtleBot3]

$ sudo apt install python3-argcomplete python3-colcon-common-extensions libboost-system-dev build-essential
$ mkdir -p ~/turtlebot3_ws/src && cd ~/turtlebot3_ws/src
$ git clone -b ros2 https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/hls_lfcd_lds_driver.git
$ git clone -b ros2 https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/turtlebot3_msgs.git
$ git clone -b ros2 https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/turtlebot3.git
$ git clone -b ros2 https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/DynamixelSDK.git
$ cd ~/turtlebot3_ws/src/turtlebot3
$ rm -r turtlebot3_cartographer turtlebot3_navigation2
$ cd ~/turtlebot3_ws/
$ echo 'source /opt/ros/dashing/setup.bash' >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ colcon build --symlink-install --parallel-workers 1

Environment Setup

Domain ID Allocation

In DDS communication, ROS_DOMAIN_ID must be matched between Remote PC and TurtleBot3 for wireless communication under the same network environment. Following commands shows how to assign a ROS_DOMAIN_ID to SBC in TurtleBot3.

• A default ID of TurtleBot3 is set as 0.
• To configure the ROS_DOMAIN_ID of Remote PC and SBC in TurtleBot3 to 30 is recommendable.

[TurtleBot3]

1. Open a terminal on SBC
2. Use the following commands.

   $ echo 'source ~/turtlebot3_ws/install/setup.bash' >> ~/.bashrc
   $ echo 'export ROS_DOMAIN_ID=30 #TURTLEBOT3' >> ~/.bashrc
   $ source ~/.bashrc
   

   WARNING : Do not OVERLAP any IDs between you and other users. It will cause a conflict of communication between users under the same network environment.

OpenCR Port Setup

Following commands show how to assign OpenCR port authorization to TurtleBot3.

[TurtleBot3]

1. Open a terminal on SBC
2. Use the following commands.

   $ cd ~/turtlebot3_ws/src/turtlebot3/turtlebot3_bringup 
   $ sudo cp ./99-turtlebot3-cdc.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/ 
   $ sudo udevadm control --reload-rules 
   $ sudo udevadm trigger
   

References

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RaspberryPi
https://discourse.ros.org/t/setting-up-the-turtlebot3-with-ros2-on-ubuntu-server-iot-18-04/10090
https://netplan.io
https://index.ros.org/doc/ros2/Installation/Dashing/Linux-Install-Debians/
https://index.ros.org/doc/ros2/Tutorials/Colcon-Tutorial/
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-add-swap-space-on-ubuntu-18-04/

OpenCR Setup

Install Dependencies to Run 32bit Executables.

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install libc6:armhf

Download OpenCR Binaries & Tools for Uploading.

$ cd && rm -rf opencr_update.tar.bz2
$ wget https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/OpenCR-Binaries/raw/master/turtlebot3/ROS2/latest/opencr_update.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf ./opencr_update.tar.bz2

Upload ROS 2 Firmware of TurtleBot3 to OpenCR.

For TurtleBot3 Burger.

# Set a port for OpenCR 
$ export OPENCR_PORT=/dev/ttyACM0
# Set a model of TurtleBot3 you are using
$ export OPENCR_MODEL=burger
$ cd ~/opencr_update && ./update.sh $OPENCR_PORT $OPENCR_MODEL.opencr

The following window shows you the result of a firmware upload of TurtleBot3 Burger to OpenCR.
Make sure jump_to_fw message is displayed on the bottom of the window.

aarch64
arm
OpenCR Update Start..
opencr_ld_shell ver 1.0.0
opencr_ld_main
[  ] file name   	: burger.opencr
[  ] file size   	: 168 KB
[  ] fw_name     	: burger
[  ] fw_ver      	: V180903R1
[OK] Open port   	: /dev/ttyACM0
[  ]
[  ] Board Name  	: OpenCR R1.0
[  ] Board Ver   	: 0x17020800
[  ] Board Rev   	: 0x00000000
[OK] flash_erase 	: 0.96s
[OK] flash_write 	: 1.92s
[OK] CRC Check   	: 10E28C8 10E28C8 , 0.006000 sec
[OK] Download
[OK] jump_to_fw

For TurtleBot3 Waffle and Waffle Pi.

# Set a port for OpenCR 
$ export OPENCR_PORT=/dev/ttyACM0
# Set a model of TurtleBot3 you are using
$ export OPENCR_MODEL=waffle
$ cd ~/opencr_update && ./update.sh $OPENCR_PORT $OPENCR_MODEL.opencr

The following window shows you the result of a firmware upload of TurtleBot3 Waffle/Waffle Pi to OpenCR.
Make sure jump_to_fw message is displayed on the bottom of the window.

aarch64
arm
OpenCR Update Start..
opencr_ld_shell ver 1.0.0
opencr_ld_main
[  ] file name   	: waffle.opencr
[  ] file size   	: 168 KB
[  ] fw_name     	: waffle
[  ] fw_ver      	: V180903R1
[OK] Open port   	: /dev/ttyACM0
[  ]
[  ] Board Name  	: OpenCR R1.0
[  ] Board Ver   	: 0x17020800
[  ] Board Rev   	: 0x00000000
[OK] flash_erase 	: 0.96s
[OK] flash_write 	: 1.92s
[OK] CRC Check   	: 10E28C8 10E28C8 , 0.006000 sec
[OK] Download
[OK] jump_to_fw

Reset OpenCR using RESET button.

After few seconds, particular sound will be played.

Hardware Setup

Part List

TurtleBot3 has three different models: Burger, Waffle and Waffle Pi. The following list shows their components. The big differences between three models are the Motor, the SBC (Single Board Computer) and the Sensors. The TurtleBot3 Waffle model is discontinued due to discontinuation of Intel® Joule™.

Assembly Manual

TurtleBots3 is delivered as unassembled parts in the boxes. Follow the instructions to assemble TurtleBot3.

• Download PDF Assembly manual for TurtleBot3 Burger
• Download PDF Assembly manual for TurtleBot3 Waffle
• Download PDF Assembly manual for TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi

Assembly Video

If it is difficult to assemble with the assembly manual, please refer to the following assembly video.

TurtleBot3 Burger

TurtleBot3 Waffle

Open Source Hardware

Core components of Turtlebot3 are the followings: Chassis, Motors, Wheels, OpenCR, SBC, Sensors and Battery. The chassis are Waffle Plates that holds other components. The Waffle Plate plays an important role as a chassis although its size is as small as your palm. The Waffle Plate is manufactured with injection mold method to lower the manufacturing cost. However, the CAD data of Waffle Plate for 3D printing is also available via Onshape. Turtlebot3 Burger is a Two-wheeled differential drive type platform, but it is customizable structurally and mechanically in many ways: Segway, Tank, Bike, Trailer and so on.

The CAD data is released to the Onshape, which is a full-cloud 3D CAD editor. Get access through a web browser from your PC or from portable devices. Onshape allows drawing and assemblying parts with co-workers.

• TurtleBot3 Burger 3D Model
• TurtleBot3 Waffle 3D Model
• TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi 3D Model