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XL320

CAUTION : XL-320 is a different product from the OLLO Geared and Servo Motor.

Specifications

Item Specifications
Motor Cored
Baud Rate 7343 [bps] ~ 1 [Mbps]
Resolution 0.29 [°]
Operating Modes Joint Mode (0 ~ 300 [°])
Wheel Mode (Endless Turn)
Weight 16.7 [g]
Dimensions (W x H x D) 24 x 36 x 27 [mm]
Gear Ratio 238 : 1
Stall Torque 0.39 [N.m] (at 7.4 [V], 1.1 [A])
No Load Speed 114 [rev/min] (at 7.4 [V], 0.18 [A])
Operating Temperature -5 ~ +65 [°C]
Input Voltage 6 ~ 8.4 [V] (Recommended : 7.4 [V])
Command Signal Digital Packet
Protocol Type TTL Half Duplex Asynchronous Serial Communication with 8bit, 1stop, No Parity
Physical Connection TTL Multidrop Bus
ID 253 ID (0 ~ 252)
Feedback Position, Temperature, Load, Input Voltage, etc
Case Material Engineering Plastic
Gear Material Engineering Plastic

NOTE : Stall torque is the maximum instantaneous and static torque. Stable motions are possible with robots designed for loads with 1/5 or less of the stall torque.


DANGER
(Ignoring these warnings may cause serious injury or death)

  • Never place items containing water, flammables/open flames, or solvents near the product.
  • Never place fingers, arms, toes, and other body parts near product during operation.
  • Cease operation and remove power from the product if the product begins to emit strange odors, noises, or smoke.
  • Keep product out of reach of children.
  • Check input polarity before installing or energizing wiring or cables.


CAUTION
(Ignoring these warnings may cause mild injury or damage to the product)

  • Always comply with the product’s offical operating environment specifications including input voltage, current, and operating temperature.
  • Do not insert blades or other sharp objects during product operation.


ATTENTION
(Ignoring these warnings may cause minor injury or damage to the product)

  • Do not disassemble or modify the product.
  • Do not drop the product or apply strong impacts.
  • Do not connect or disconnect DYNAMIXEL cables while power is being supplied.

Control Table

The Control Table is a data structure used by DYNAMIXEL actuators to manage the state of the device. Users can read data registers to get information about the status of the device with Read Instruction Packets, and modify data registers to control the device with Write Instruction Packets.

Control Table, Data, Address

The Control Table is a structure that consists of multiple Data fields to store status or to control the device. Users can check current status of the device by reading a specific Data from the Control Table with Read Instruction Packets. WRITE Instruction Packets enable users to control the device by changing specific Data in the Control Table. The Address is a unique value when accessing a specific Data in the Control Table with Instruction Packets. In order to read or write data, users must designate a specific Address in the Instruction Packet. Please refer to DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0 for more details about Instruction Packets.

Area (EEPROM, RAM)

The Control Table is divided into 2 Areas. Data in the RAM Area is reset to initial values when the power is reset(Volatile). On the other hand, data in the EEPROM Area is maintained even when the device is powered off(Non-Volatile).

Data in the EEPROM Area can only be written to if Torque Enable(24) is cleared to ‘0’(Torque OFF).

Size

The Size of data varies from 1 ~ 2 bytes depend on their usage. Please check the size of data when updating the data with an Instruction Packet. For data larger than 2 bytes will be saved according to Little Endian.

Access

The Control Table has two different access properties. ‘RW’ property stands for read and write access permission while ‘R’ stands for read only access permission. Data with the read only property cannot be changed by the WRITE Instruction. Read only property(‘R’) is generally used for measuring and monitoring purpose, and read write property(‘RW’) is used for controlling device.

Initial Value

Each data in the Control Table is restored to initial values when the device is turned on. Default values in the EEPROM area are initial values of the device (factory default settings). If any values in the EEPROM area are modified by a user, modified values will be restored as initial values when the device is turned on. Initial Values in the RAM area are restored when the device is turned on.

Control Table of EEPROM Area

Address Size(Byte) Data Name Description Access Initial
Value		 Min Max
0 2 Model Number Model Number R 350 - -
2 1 Firmware Version Firmware Version R - - -
3 1 ID DYNAMIXEL ID RW 1 0 252
4 1 Baud Rate Communication Speed RW 3 0 3
5 1 Return Delay Time Response Delay Time RW 250 0 254
6 2 CW Angle Limit Clockwise Angle Limit RW 0 0 1023
8 2 CCW Angle Limit Counter-Clockwise Angle Limit RW 1023 0 1023
11 1 Control Mode Control Mode RW 2 1 2
12 1 Temperature Limit Maximum Internal Temperature Limit RW 65 0 150
13 1 Min Voltage Limit Minimum Input Voltage Limit RW 60 50 250
14 1 Max Voltage Limit Maximum Input Voltage Limit RW 90 50 250
15 2 Max Torque Maximun Torque RW 1023 0 1023
17 1 Status Return Level Select Types of Status Return RW 2 0 2
18 1 Shutdown Shutdown Error Information RW 3 0 7

Control Table of RAM Area

Address Size(Byte) Data Name Description Access Initial
Value		 Min Max
24 1 Torque Enable Motor Torque On/Off RW 0 0 1
25 1 LED Status LED On/Off RW 0 0 7
27 1 D Gain Derivative Gain RW 0 0 254
28 1 I Gain Integral Gain RW 0 0 254
29 1 P Gain Proportional Gain RW 32 0 254
30 2 Goal Position Desired Position RW - 0 1023
32 2 Moving Speed Moving Speed(Moving Velocity) RW - 0 2047
35 2 Torque Limit Torque Limit RW - 0 1023
37 2 Present Position Present Position R - - -
39 2 Present Speed Present Speed R - - -
41 2 Present Load Present Load R - - -
45 1 Present Voltage Present Voltage R - - -
46 1 Present Temperature Present Temperature R - - -
47 1 Registered Instruction If Instruction is registered R 0 - -
49 1 Moving Movement Status R 0 - -
50 1 Hardware Error Status Hardware Error Status R 0 - -
51 2 Punch Minimum Current Threshold RW 32 0 1023

Control Table Description

Model Number (0)

This address stores model number of DYNAMIXEL.

Firmware Version (2)

This address stores firmware version of DYNAMIXEL.

ID (3)

The ID is a unique value in the network to identify each DYNAMIXEL with an Instruction Packet. 0~253 (0xFD) values can be used as an ID, and 254(0xFE) is occupied as a broadcast ID. The Broadcast ID(254, 0xFE) can send an Instruction Packet to all connected DYNAMIXEL simultaneously.

NOTE : Please avoid using an identical ID for multiple DYNAMIXEL. You may face communication failure or may not be able to detect DYNAMIXEL with an identical ID.

NOTE : If the Instruction Packet ID is set to the Broadcast ID(0xFE), Status Packets will not be returned for READ or WRITE Instructions regardless of the set value of Stuatus Return Level (17). For more details, please refer to the Status Packet section for DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0

Baud Rate (4)

Baud Rate determines serial communication speed between a controller and DYNAMIXEL’s.

Value Baud Rate
0 9,600 bps
1 57,600 bps
2 115,200 bps
3 1 Mbps

NOTE : For the stable communication with higher baudrate, configure USB Latency value to the lower.
USB Latency Setting

Return Delay Time (5)

If the DYNAMIXEL receives an Instruction Packet, it will return the Status Packet after the time of the set Return Delay Time(5).
Note that the range of values is 0 to 254 (0XFE) and its unit is 2 [μsec]. For instance, if the Return Delay Time(5) is set to ‘10’, the Status Packet will be returned after 20[μsec] when the Instruction Packet is received.

Unit Value Range Description
2[μsec] 0 ~ 254 Default value ‘250’(500[μsec])
Maximum value: ‘508’[μsec]

CW/CCW Angle Limit(6, 8)

The angle limit allows the motion to be restrained.
The range and the unit of the value is the same as Goal Position(30).

Control Mode(11)

Value Mode
1 Wheel Mode
2 Joint Mode

Temperature Limit(12)

The operating temperature’s upper bound of the DYNAMIXEL.

For instance, if the value of the Temperature Limit(11) is set as ‘80’, it means 80 °C If the operating DYNAMIXEL’s internal temperature is over the Temperature Limit(11), the Status Packet transmits Overheating Error Bit (Bit2) via the ERROR field. Providing that Overheating flag is set in the Shutdown(18), the Alarm LED will start blinking and the motor’s output will be 0 [%].

Unit Value Range
About 1°C 0 ~ 100

CAUTION : Do not set the temperature higher than the default value. When the temperature alarm shutdown occurs, wait 20 minutes to cool the temperature before re-use. Keep using the product when the temperature is high can cause severe damage.

Min/Max Voltage Limit(13, 14)

It is the operation range of voltage.

Unit Value Range Description
About 0.1V 50 ~ 250 5.0 ~ 25.0V

The range of value is from 50 to 160 and the per unit value is 0.1 [V]. For instance, if the value of the Max Voltage Limit(14) is set as ‘80’, it means 8 V. The Min Voltage Limit(13) and Max Voltage Limit(14) determine the maximum and minimum operating voltages.
When the Present Voltage(45) indicating the present input voltage to the device exceeds the range of Max Voltage Limit(14) and Min Voltage Limit(13), the Input Voltage error Bit(0x10) in the Hardware Error Status(50) will be set, and the Status Packet will send Alert Bit(0x80) via the Error field.
If Input Voltage Error Bit(0x10) in the Shutdown(18) is set, Torque Enable(24) will be set to ‘0’(Torque OFF).
For more details, please refer to the Shutdown(18) section.

Max Torque(15)

It is the torque value of maximum output. 0 to 1,023 (0x3FF) can be used, and the unit is about 0.1%.
For example, Data 1,023 (0x3FF) means that DYNAMIXEL will use 100% of the maximum torque it can produce while Data 512 (0x200) means that DYNAMIXEL will use 50% of the maximum torque.
When the power is turned on, Torque Limit(35) is reset to the value of Max Torque(15).

Status Return Level(17)

The Stuatus Return Level (17) decides how to return Status Packet when DYNAMIXEL receives an Instruction Packet.

Value Responding Instructions Description
0 PING Instruction Returns the Status Packet for PING Instruction only
1 PING Instruction
READ Instruction		 Returns the Status Packet for PING and READ Instruction
2 All Instructions Returns the Status Packet for all Instructions

NOTE : If the Instruction Packet ID is set to the Broadcast ID(0xFE), Status Packet will not be returned for READ or WRITE Instructions regardless of Stuatus Return Level (17). For more details, please refer to the Status Packet section for DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0.

Shutdown(18)

DYNAMIXEL can protect itself by detecting errors occur during the operation. The errors can be set are as the table below.

Bit Item Description
Bit 3~7 - -
Bit 2 Input Voltage Error Voltage is out of operational voatage range
Bit 1 OverHeating Error Temperature is out of operational temperature range
Bit 0 Overload Error Motor cannot output max load due to load being applied continouosly

It is possible to make duplicate set since the function of each bit is run by the logic of ‘OR’. That is, if 0x05 (binary 00000101) is set, both Input Voltage Error and Overload Error can be detected. If errors occur, in case of Alarm LED, the LED blinks; in case of Alarm Shutdown, the motor output becomes 0 % by making the value of Torque Limit(35) to 0.

Torque Enable(24)

Torque Enable(64) determines Torque ON/OFF. Writing ‘1’ to Torque Enable’s address will turn on the Torque and all Data in the EEPROM area will be locked.

Value Description
0(Default) Torque Off
1 Torque On and lock EEPROM area

LED(25)

The combination of bit changes the output color of XL-320.

Enabled Bit Decimal Value Output Color
NONE (000) 0 OFF
Bit 0 (001) 1 Red
Bit 1 (010) 2 Green
Bit 2 (100) 4 Blue
Bit 0, Bit 1 (011) 3 Yellow
Bit 1, Bit 2 (110) 6 Cyan
Bit 0, Bit 2 (101) 5 Purple
Bit 0, Bit 1, Bit 2 (111) 7 White

NOTE : The LED indicates present status of the device.

Status LED Representation
Booting Red LED flickers once
Factory Reset Red LED flickers 4 times
Alarm Red LED flickers
Boot Mode Red LED On

PID Gains(27, 28, 29)

The following is the block-diagram for the PID controller.

The relationship between Compliance Slop and PID

Slope P Gain
8 128
16 64
32 32
64 16
128 8

The less the P gain, The larger the back lash, and the weaker the amount of output near goal position.
At some extent, it is like a combined concept of margine and slope.
It does not exactly match the previous concept of compliance. So it is obvious if you see the difference in terms of motion.

NOTE: PID control theory is not only limited to the control of motor(actuator) but is a generic theory that can be applied to all kinds of control. For more details about the PID controller, see PID Controller.

Goal Position(30)

Set the DYNAMIXEL’s goal position through the Goal Position(30).
The available position range is 0 to 1,023 (0x3FF) and the per unit value is 0.29 °
If the Goal Position(30) is set over the CW/CCW Angle Limit(6, 8), the Status Packet transmits Angle Limit Error Bit (0x01) via its ERROR field. In the case, providing that Angle Limit Error Bit(0x01) in the Shutdown(18) is set, the Alarm LED will start blinking and the motor’s output will be 0 [%].

The picture above is the front view of DYNAMIXEL

NOTE : If it is set to Wheel Mode, Goal Position value is not used.

Moving Speed(32)

Torque Limit(35)

It is the value of the maximum torque limit.
0 ~ 1,023(0x3FF) is available, and the unit is about 0.1%.
For example, if the value is 512, it is about 50%; that means only 50% of the maximum torque will be used.
When the power is turned on, Torque Limit(35) is reset to the value of [Max Torque(15)].

NOTE : If the function of Shutdown(18) is triggered, the motor loses its torque because Torque Limit(35) becomes 0. Once error conditions are resolved and Torque Limit(35) is changed to the value other than 0, the motor can be operated again.

Present Position(37)

It is the present position value of DYNAMIXEL. The range of Present Position(37) is 0 ~ 1,023 (0x3FF), and the unit is 0.29 [°].

The picture above is the front view of DYNAMIXEL.

CAUTION : If it is set to Wheel Mode, the Present Position(37) cannot be used to measure the moving distance and the rotation frequency.

Present Speed(39)

Is the present moving speed. 0~2,047 (0x000 ~ 0x7FF) can be used. If a value is in the rage of 0~1,023 then the motor rotates to the CCW direction. If a value is in the rage of 1,024~2,047 then the motor rotates to the CW direction. The 10th bit becomes the direction bit to control the direction; 0 and 1,024 are equal. The unit of this value varies depending on operation mode.

Present Load(41)

It means currently applied load. The range of the value is 0~2047, and the unit is about 0.1%. If the value is 0~1,023, it means the load works to the CCW direction. If the value is 1,024~2,047, it means the load works to the CW direction. That is, the 10th bit becomes the direction bit to control the direction, and 1,024 is equal to 0. For example, the value is 512, it means the load is detected in the direction of CCW about 50% of the maximum torque.

Bit 15 ~ 11 10 9 ~ 0
Value 0 Load Direction Data (Load Ratio)

NOTE : CCW Load : Load Direction = 0, CW Load : Load Direction = 1

NOTE : Present load is an inferred value based on the internal output value; not a measured value using torque sensor, etc. Therefore, it may be inaccurate for measuring weight or torque. It is recommended to use it for predicting the direction and size of the force being applied to the joint.

Present Voltage(45)

It is the size of the present voltage supplied. This value is 10 times larger than the actual voltage. For example, when 10V is supplied, the data value is 100 (0x64)

For more details, see Min/Max Voltage Limit(13, 14).

Present Temperature(46)

It is the internal temperature of DYNAMIXEL in Celsius. Data value is identical to the actual temperature in Celsius. For example, if the data value is 85 (0x55), the current internal temperature is 85°C.

For more details, see Temperature Limit(12).

Registered Instruction(47)

Indicates whether the Write Instruction is registered by Reg Write Instruction

Value Description
0 No instruction registered by REG_WRITE.
1 Instruction registered by REG_WRITE exists.

NOTE : If ACTION instruction is executed, the Registered Instruction (47) will be changed to 0.

Moving(49)

Value Description
0 Goal position command execution is completed
1 Goal position command execution is in progress

Hardware Error Status(50)

Present hardware error staus. Alarm shutdown error value.

Punch(51)

Minimum current to drive motor. This value ranges from 0x20 to 0x3FF.

Reference

NOTE
Compatibility Guide
Harness Compatibility

Connector Information

Item TTL
Pinout 1 GND
2 VDD
3 DATA
Diagram
Housing
MOLEX 51065-0300
PCB Header
MOLEX 53253-0370
Crimp Terminal MOLEX 50212-8000
Wire Gauge for DYNAMIXEL 24 AWG

Communication Circuit

To control the DYNAMIXEL actuators, the main controller needs to convert its UART signals to the half duplex type. The recommended circuit diagram for this is shown below.

TTL Communication

NOTE: Above circuit is designed for 5V or 5V tolerant MCU. Otherwise, use a Level Shifter to match the voltage of MCU.

Drawings

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